Finland vs Luxembourg: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of over time
- Finland
- Luxembourg
How they compare
Finland currently reports 0.0787 Percentage of GDP against 0.033 Percentage of GDP in Luxembourg, a difference of 0.0457 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Finland's figure about 2.4 times Luxembourg's.
Across all 18 years both countries report, Finland has been ahead every year.
Finland ranks 25th and Luxembourg ranks 28th of 37 countries.
Finland has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Finland | Luxembourg | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0793 Percentage of GDP | 0.0476 Percentage of GDP | 0.0317 Percentage of GDP | Finland |
| 2010s | 0.0576 Percentage of GDP | 0.0427 Percentage of GDP | 0.0149 Percentage of GDP | Finland |
| 2020s | 0.0705 Percentage of GDP | 0.0376 Percentage of GDP | 0.0329 Percentage of GDP | Finland |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of, Finland or Luxembourg?
- Finland, at 0.0787 Percentage of GDP against 0.033 Percentage of GDP in Luxembourg as of 2024.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of between Finland and Luxembourg?
- 0.0457 Percentage of GDP, with Finland ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Finland and Luxembourg?
- 18 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2024.
- How do Finland and Luxembourg rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of?
- Finland ranks 25th and Luxembourg ranks 28th of 37 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of tax incentive support for business R&D (GTARD) and government-financed BERD. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.