Bulgaria vs South Africa: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of over time
- Bulgaria
- South Africa
How they compare
South Africa currently reports 0.0129 Percentage of GDP against 0.0041 Percentage of GDP in Bulgaria, a difference of 0.0088 Percentage of GDP.
That makes South Africa's figure about 3.1 times Bulgaria's.
Across all 16 years both countries report, South Africa has been ahead every year.
Bulgaria ranks 35th and South Africa ranks 33rd of 37 countries.
South Africa has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Bulgaria | South Africa | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0004 Percentage of GDP | 0.0377 Percentage of GDP | 0.0374 Percentage of GDP | South Africa |
| 2010s | 0.0082 Percentage of GDP | 0.0178 Percentage of GDP | 0.0096 Percentage of GDP | South Africa |
| 2020s | 0.0047 Percentage of GDP | 0.0156 Percentage of GDP | 0.0108 Percentage of GDP | South Africa |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of, Bulgaria or South Africa?
- South Africa, at 0.0129 Percentage of GDP against 0.0041 Percentage of GDP in Bulgaria as of 2023.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of between Bulgaria and South Africa?
- 0.0088 Percentage of GDP, with South Africa ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Bulgaria and South Africa?
- 16 years are reported by both, from 2001 to 2022.
- How do Bulgaria and South Africa rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of?
- Bulgaria ranks 35th and South Africa ranks 33rd of 37 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of tax incentive support for business R&D (GTARD) and government-financed BERD. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.