Bulgaria vs Malta: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of over time
- Bulgaria
- Malta
How they compare
Bulgaria currently reports 0.0041 Percentage of GDP against 0.0035 Percentage of GDP in Malta, a difference of 0.0006 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Bulgaria's figure about 1.2 times Malta's.
The two have swapped places 1 time across 14 shared years of data; in 2009 it was Malta ahead.
Bulgaria ranks 35th and Malta ranks 36th of 37 countries.
Across the 3 decades both report, Bulgaria averaged higher in 1 and Malta in 2.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Bulgaria | Malta | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0097 Percentage of GDP | 0.0221 Percentage of GDP | 0.0124 Percentage of GDP | Malta |
| 2010s | 0.0077 Percentage of GDP | 0.0413 Percentage of GDP | 0.0336 Percentage of GDP | Malta |
| 2020s | 0.0047 Percentage of GDP | 0.0028 Percentage of GDP | 0.0019 Percentage of GDP | Bulgaria |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of, Bulgaria or Malta?
- Bulgaria, at 0.0041 Percentage of GDP against 0.0035 Percentage of GDP in Malta as of 2022.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of between Bulgaria and Malta?
- 0.0006 Percentage of GDP, with Bulgaria ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Bulgaria and Malta?
- 14 years are reported by both, from 2009 to 2022.
- How do Bulgaria and Malta rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — sum of?
- Bulgaria ranks 35th and Malta ranks 36th of 37 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Sum of tax incentive support for business R&D (GTARD) and government-financed BERD. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.