Denmark vs Malaysia: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect over time
- Denmark
- Malaysia
How they compare
Malaysia currently reports 0.07 Percentage of GDP against 0.061 Percentage of GDP in Denmark, a difference of 0.009 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Malaysia's figure about 1.1 times Denmark's.
The two have swapped places 2 times across 18 shared years of data; in 2007 it was Malaysia ahead.
Denmark ranks 18th and Malaysia ranks 16th of 43 countries.
Across the 3 decades both report, Denmark averaged higher in 1 and Malaysia in 2.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Denmark | Malaysia | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0028 Percentage of GDP | 0.0619 Percentage of GDP | 0.0591 Percentage of GDP | Malaysia |
| 2010s | 0.0163 Percentage of GDP | 0.0803 Percentage of GDP | 0.064 Percentage of GDP | Malaysia |
| 2020s | 0.0827 Percentage of GDP | 0.0686 Percentage of GDP | 0.014 Percentage of GDP | Denmark |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect, Denmark or Malaysia?
- Malaysia, at 0.07 Percentage of GDP against 0.061 Percentage of GDP in Denmark as of 2024.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect between Denmark and Malaysia?
- 0.009 Percentage of GDP, with Malaysia ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Denmark and Malaysia?
- 18 years are reported by both, from 2007 to 2024.
- How do Denmark and Malaysia rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd — indirect?
- Denmark ranks 18th and Malaysia ranks 16th of 43 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Indirect government support through R&D tax incentives (GTARD). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.