Finland vs Spain: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD over time
- Finland
- Spain
How they compare
Spain currently reports 0.0822 Percentage of GDP against 0.0642 Percentage of GDP in Finland, a difference of 0.018 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Spain's figure about 1.3 times Finland's.
The two have swapped places 5 times across 25 shared years of data; in 2000 it was Finland ahead.
Finland ranks 15th and Spain ranks 13th of 38 countries.
Spain has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Finland | Spain | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.0785 Percentage of GDP | 0.0799 Percentage of GDP | 0.0014 Percentage of GDP | Spain |
| 2010s | 0.0624 Percentage of GDP | 0.0741 Percentage of GDP | 0.0117 Percentage of GDP | Spain |
| 2020s | 0.0648 Percentage of GDP | 0.0766 Percentage of GDP | 0.0118 Percentage of GDP | Spain |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd, Finland or Spain?
- Spain, at 0.0822 Percentage of GDP against 0.0642 Percentage of GDP in Finland as of 2024.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd between Finland and Spain?
- 0.018 Percentage of GDP, with Spain ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Finland and Spain?
- 25 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2024.
- How do Finland and Spain rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Finland ranks 15th and Spain ranks 13th of 38 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government-financed BERD. Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.