Italy vs Luxembourg: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD over time
- Italy
- Luxembourg
How they compare
Italy currently reports 0.6794 Percentage of GDP against 0.602 Percentage of GDP in Luxembourg, a difference of 0.0774 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Italy's figure about 1.1 times Luxembourg's.
The two have swapped places 2 times across 21 shared years of data; in 2000 it was Italy ahead.
Italy ranks 15th and Luxembourg ranks 16th of 33 countries.
Across the 3 decades both report, Italy averaged higher in 2 and Luxembourg in 1.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Italy | Luxembourg | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.6291 Percentage of GDP | 0.2976 Percentage of GDP | 0.3315 Percentage of GDP | Italy |
| 2010s | 0.6015 Percentage of GDP | 0.6534 Percentage of GDP | 0.0518 Percentage of GDP | Luxembourg |
| 2020s | 0.7 Percentage of GDP | 0.6288 Percentage of GDP | 0.0712 Percentage of GDP | Italy |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd, Italy or Luxembourg?
- Italy, at 0.6794 Percentage of GDP against 0.602 Percentage of GDP in Luxembourg as of 2023.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd between Italy and Luxembourg?
- 0.0774 Percentage of GDP, with Italy ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Italy and Luxembourg?
- 21 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2023.
- How do Italy and Luxembourg rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Italy ranks 15th and Luxembourg ranks 16th of 33 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budgets for R&D and tax incentive support for business R&D (GBARD+GTARD). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.