Estonia vs Iceland: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD over time
- Estonia
- Iceland
How they compare
Iceland currently reports 1.04 Percentage of GDP against 0.7972 Percentage of GDP in Estonia, a difference of 0.2428 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Iceland's figure about 1.3 times Estonia's.
The two have swapped places 2 times across 25 shared years of data; in 2000 it was Iceland ahead.
Estonia ranks 3rd and Iceland ranks 2nd of 12 countries.
Iceland has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Estonia | Iceland | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.4442 Percentage of GDP | 0.8912 Percentage of GDP | 0.447 Percentage of GDP | Iceland |
| 2010s | 0.6973 Percentage of GDP | 0.8267 Percentage of GDP | 0.1294 Percentage of GDP | Iceland |
| 2020s | 0.7503 Percentage of GDP | 1.07 Percentage of GDP | 0.3193 Percentage of GDP | Iceland |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd, Estonia or Iceland?
- Iceland, at 1.04 Percentage of GDP against 0.7972 Percentage of GDP in Estonia as of 2024.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd between Estonia and Iceland?
- 0.2428 Percentage of GDP, with Iceland ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Estonia and Iceland?
- 25 years are reported by both, from 2000 to 2024.
- How do Estonia and Iceland rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Estonia ranks 3rd and Iceland ranks 2nd of 12 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.