Croatia vs Estonia: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD over time
- Croatia
- Estonia
How they compare
Estonia currently reports 0.7972 Percentage of GDP against 0.6712 Percentage of GDP in Croatia, a difference of 0.126 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Estonia's figure about 1.2 times Croatia's.
The two have swapped places 5 times across 17 shared years of data; in 2008 it was Croatia ahead.
Croatia ranks 6th and Estonia ranks 3rd of 12 countries.
Across the 3 decades both report, Croatia averaged higher in 2 and Estonia in 1.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Croatia | Estonia | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.6639 Percentage of GDP | 0.6541 Percentage of GDP | 0.0098 Percentage of GDP | Croatia |
| 2010s | 0.7156 Percentage of GDP | 0.6973 Percentage of GDP | 0.0183 Percentage of GDP | Croatia |
| 2020s | 0.6973 Percentage of GDP | 0.7503 Percentage of GDP | 0.053 Percentage of GDP | Estonia |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd, Croatia or Estonia?
- Estonia, at 0.7972 Percentage of GDP against 0.6712 Percentage of GDP in Croatia as of 2024.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd between Croatia and Estonia?
- 0.126 Percentage of GDP, with Estonia ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Croatia and Estonia?
- 17 years are reported by both, from 2008 to 2024.
- How do Croatia and Estonia rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Croatia ranks 6th and Estonia ranks 3rd of 12 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.