Bulgaria vs Hungary: R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD
R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD over time
- Bulgaria
- Hungary
How they compare
Hungary currently reports 0.266 Percentage of GDP against 0.2358 Percentage of GDP in Bulgaria, a difference of 0.0302 Percentage of GDP.
That makes Hungary's figure about 1.1 times Bulgaria's.
Across all 20 years both countries report, Hungary has been ahead every year.
Bulgaria ranks 27th and Hungary ranks 26th of 33 countries.
Hungary has averaged higher in every one of the 3 decades both report.
Head to head by decade
| Decade | Bulgaria | Hungary | Difference | Ahead |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 2000s | 0.2823 Percentage of GDP | 0.4026 Percentage of GDP | 0.1203 Percentage of GDP | Hungary |
| 2010s | 0.2291 Percentage of GDP | 0.3477 Percentage of GDP | 0.1186 Percentage of GDP | Hungary |
| 2020s | 0.2294 Percentage of GDP | 0.3718 Percentage of GDP | 0.1424 Percentage of GDP | Hungary |
Averages of every year both report within each decade.
Frequently asked questions
- Which has higher r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd, Bulgaria or Hungary?
- Hungary, at 0.266 Percentage of GDP against 0.2358 Percentage of GDP in Bulgaria as of 2024.
- What is the difference in r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd between Bulgaria and Hungary?
- 0.0302 Percentage of GDP, with Hungary ahead.
- How many years of comparable data are there for Bulgaria and Hungary?
- 20 years are reported by both, from 2005 to 2024.
- How do Bulgaria and Hungary rank globally for r&d tax expenditure and direct government funding of berd?
- Bulgaria ranks 27th and Hungary ranks 26th of 33 countries.
- Where does this data come from?
- Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, published as R&D tax expenditure and direct government funding of BERD — Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD). Statizoid refreshes it automatically from the source and publishes the full history for both places.
Individual pages
About this data
The OECD R&D Tax Incentives database provides a set of indicators that reflect the level and structure of central and subnational government support for business R&D in form of R&D tax incentives and direct funding across OECD member countries and other major economies. This includes time-series indicators of tax expenditures for R&D, based on the latest OECD data collection on tax incentive support for R&D expenditures. Estimates of the cost of R&D tax support at subnational government level are reported whenever such provisions are applicable and relevant data are available. These estimates of the cost of central and subnational R&D tax relief have been combined with data on direct government funding of business expenditure on R&D (BERD), as compiled by National Statistical Offices based on reports from firms, in order to provide a more complete picture of government efforts to promote business R&D. Furthermore, these estimates are combined with data on Government budget allocations for R&D (GBARD) in the broader context of overall budgetary support for R&D activities undertaken by governments. Government budget allocations for R&D include direct funding provided to all sectors, including contributions to R&D programmes abroad. OECD (2019) provides a practical guide to using the OECD R&D Tax Incentives database, describing the R&D tax incentive time series data and highlighting their potential for internationally comparative work through descriptive indicators and econometric analysis.